Particle-hole formalism

The first line stands for the creation of a two-particle-two-hole state, while the second line represents the creation to two one-particle-one-hole pairs while the last term represents a contribution to the particle single-particle energy from the hole states, that is an interaction between the particle states and the hole states within the new vacuum state. The fourth term reads $$ \begin{eqnarray} \hat{H}_I^{(d)}& = &\frac{1}{4} \sum_{aijk}\left(\langle ai|\hat{V}|jk\rangle b_a^\dagger b_k^\dagger b_j^\dagger b_i+ \langle ji|\hat{V}|ak\rangle b_k^\dagger b_j b_i b_a\right)+\nonumber \\ &&\frac{1}{4}\sum_{aij}\left(\langle ai|\hat{V}|ji\rangle b_a^\dagger b_j^\dagger+ \langle ji|\hat{V}|ai\rangle - \langle ji|\hat{V}|ia\rangle b_j b_a \right). \tag{83} \end{eqnarray} $$ The terms in the first line stand for the creation of a particle-hole state interacting with hole states, we will label this as a two-hole-one-particle contribution. The remaining terms are a particle-hole state interacting with the holes in the vacuum state. Finally we have $$ \begin{equation} \hat{H}_I^{(e)} = \frac{1}{4} \sum_{ijkl} \langle kl|\hat{V}|ij\rangle b_i^\dagger b_j^\dagger b_l b_k+ \frac{1}{2}\sum_{ijk}\langle ij|\hat{V}|kj\rangle b_k^\dagger b_i +\frac{1}{2}\sum_{ij}\langle ij|\hat{V}|ij\rangle \tag{84} \end{equation} $$ The first terms represents the interaction between two holes while the second stands for the interaction between a hole and the remaining holes in the vacuum state. It represents a contribution to single-hole energy to first order. The last term collects all contributions to the energy of the ground state of a closed-shell system arising from hole-hole correlations.