30. Emulators#
The challenges of simulating physical phenomena are being addressed in many subfields with a wide range of accurate high-fidelity methods. However, when we need to change the parameters characterizing the problem, such as Hamiltonian coupling constants, it can become computationally prohibitive to repeat high-fidelity calculations many times and challenging to reliably extrapolate. In particular, uncertainty quantification (UQ) generally requires many samples of often expensive calculations, e.g., for Bayesian calibration, sensitivity analyses, and experimental design. An alternative to expensive calculations is to replace the high-fidelity model with an emulator, which is an approximate computer model, in the literature sometimes referred to as a ``surrogate model.‘’
An overview called “Bayes goes fast: Emulators”
A review of “RBM emulators”
For examples of multidimensional GP emulation, see surmise.
A new type of emulator is the Parametric Matrix Model, aka PMMs.